High Fat Diet Composition For Rats

High Fat Diet Composition For Rats. The high fat diet contains 4140 kcal/100 g with 43% as carbohydrate 17% as protein and 40% as fat (Table 1) The diet consists of a mixture of 68% normal rat chow pellet (Saintik Enterprise.

HF diet increased weight gain body fat mass mesenteric adipocyte&#39s size adiponectin and leptin plasma levels and decreased oral glucose tolerance in both Wistar and SD rats However the majority of these effects were more pronounced or earlier detected in Wistar rats Author Cláudia Marques Manuela Meireles Sónia Norberto Joana Leite Joana Freitas Diogo Pestana Ana FaCited by Publish Year 2016.

Composition of high fat diet and normal rat chow diet

AbstractMaterials and MethodsExperimentsAnalysesResultsDiscussionAbbreviationsObesity is a major health problem (1) and despite considerable effort by scientists and health care professionals to understand and successfully treat obesity its incidence continues to rise and the obesityrelated health costs are staggering (2 –7) Although it is clear that genetic factors contribute to the propensity of an individual to become obese the striking increase in overweight that occurs as previously underdeveloped countries modernize and the continued growth in the numbers of obese individuals in developed countries indicate an important role for environmental factors as well The consumption of a high energy density highfat (HF) diet is thought to be one of the main factors Recent advances in the understanding of energy balance have uncovered many of the regulatory systems involved in body weight homeostasis A paradox that has emerged from these findings is that although body weight is tightly regulated when animals or humans consume a diet with an HF conten Rats LongEvans rats (250–350 g) obtained from Harlan Labs (Indianapolis IN) were housed in individual tub cages with corncob bedding in a temperature (22 ± 1°C) and light (12 h light/12 h dark) controlled vivarium They ate a nonpurified (NP) diet (Teklad Sterilizable Mouse/Rat Diet Harlan Labs) and drank water ad libitum for 1 wk before being assigned to dietary groups on the basis of comparable mean body weight in each experiment All procedures were approved by the University of Cincinnati Diets Two pelleted semipurified nutritionally complete experimental diets [AIN93M (30)] were prepared at Dyets (Bethlehem PA) The HF diet contained 20 g of fat/100 g of diet (19 g of butter oil and 1 g of soybean oil to provide essential fatty acids) and provided 1934 kJ/g of diet including 774 kJ/g as fat The lowfat (LF) diet contained 3 g of butter oil and 1 g of soybean oil/100 g of diet and provided 1612 kJ/g of diet including 129 kJ as fat Because the emphasis in these experiments Experimental groups The two groups used for primary comparisons were those that ate the HF or LF diet ad libitum and they were included in every experiment Because HF and LF rats were fed different amounts of energy each day in some experiments a control group received the HF diet but in amounts limited to the mean daily energy consumption of the rats that ate the LF diet ad libitum That is these rats were fed the same proportion of dietary fat as the HF rats but had their energy intake yoked to that of th Dietary manipulations Three cohorts of male (expt 1–3) and one cohort of female rats (expt 4) aged 65–70 d were matched by initial body weight and assigned to dietary groups for 70–80 d The four experiments were completed over an 18mo interval Body weight and energy intake were assessed daily for the first week and then at least twice per week thereafter At the end of the experiments rats in expt 1 and 4 were decapitated by guillotine trunk blood was collected over ice in the middle of the light portion of t Response to energy deprivation Male rats in expt 3 were assigned by equal initial body weight to HF LF or NP diets (n = 16/group) for 70 d One subgroup of each (n = 8 each) then continued to eat their respective diet ad libitum and the other subgroup (n= 8 each) ate only 40% of the energy available to their respective controls ad libitum This regimen was chosen because pilot work indicated that a 60% restriction would cause rapid and reliable weight loss in a short interval It was continued until the restricted NP rat Insulintolerance tests Rats in expt 2 (n= 8 per group) from cohorts of HF LF and NP groups had food withdrawn for 5–6 h at the beginning of the light period Tail blood was sampled before and 15 30 45 and 60 min after an intraperitoneal injection of regular insulin (05 pmol/kg in 1 mL saline) and glucose concentration was determined with a handheld glucometer (Accuchek Advantage Roche Diagnostics Co Indianapolis IN) All rats ate normally and regained their body weights within 1 d after this regimen Plasma hormones Plasma insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay using a guinea pig antiinsulin serum with high affinity for rodent insulin (31) and plasma leptin was measured using a rat leptin radioimmunoassay kit from Linco Research Inc (St Charles MO) Statistical analyses Data were analyzed by parametric statistics (ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA and ttests with Tukey&#39s test used as appropriate) as described for each experiment with α set at P= 005 twotailed Energy intake and body weight (expt 1) HF rats initially were fed more energy per day than LF and NP rats (P < 005 wk 1) and this trend persisted for the first 6–7 wk of diet treatment (Fig 1) LF rats were fed significantly more energy per day than NP rats for the first week and afterwards had comparable energy intakes to NP rats Body weights of the 3 groups differed after 2 wk and by the end of 10 wk the HF rats were significantly heavier than all other groups and the LF rats weighed slightly more than NP rats (P = 008) Energy intake and body weight (expt 2–4) The same pattern of weight gain of HF rats relative to that of LF rats that occurred in expt 1 occurred in expt 2–4 which were conducted at different times of the year (Fig 3) Body composition (expt 1) Using body weight as the sole indicator of “obesity” HF rats weighed 10% more (P < 005) than LF rats after 10 wk of being fed the respective diets and ∼20% more (P < 001) than NP rats The epididymal pads of the HF rats weighed more than those of all other groups 45% greater than those of the LF rats and 96% greater than those of the NP rats (both P < 001) Similarly the retroperitoneal pads of the HF rats weighed 29% more than those of the LF rats and 90% more than those of the NP rats We describe here a model of dietinduced obesity in rats that is reproducible over several experiments is well controlled and shares many features with human obesity HF rats weighed more than LF controls and defended this weight in the face of changes in energy availability In addition they developed substantially more adipose tissue than control rats and acquired the insulin resistance and hyperleptinemia typically associated with obesity By comparing these rats with those in the LF and PHF groups we were able to distinguish between the effects of obesity and dietary composition on these and potentially other variables This model is therefore well suited for a systematic investigation of the role of dietary fat on body weight regulation and can be applied to many questions that are central to obesity research Rats with free access to an HF diet were fed more energy and became obese relative to rats with free access to a diet containing the same constituents but less fat T HFhighfat diet and condition in which rats ate ad libitum the highfat dietLFlowfat diet and condition in which rats ate ad libitum the lowfat dietNPnonpurified dietPHFcondition in which rats were fed the highfat diet in an amount restricted to match the mean daily energy consumption of rats in the lowfat group Author Stephen C Woods Randy J Seeley Paul A Rushing David D’Alessio Patrick TsoCited by Publish Year 2003.

Controlled HighFat Diet Induces an Obese Syndrome in Rats

Several weeks into a regimen of a semipurified diet with a fat content of more than 40% energy based on animal fats can lead to obesity hyperglycemia hypertriglyceridemia and hyperleptinemia in rodents mimicking the pathophysiology of human obesity and metabolic syndrome 6 Wistar and SpragueDawley (SD) Outbred Rat can be considered the standard rodents for this experiment type since they are susceptible to dietinduced obesity and insulin resistance with individual variations 6 Author Cláudia Marques Manuela Meireles Sónia Norberto Joana Leite Joana Freitas Diogo Pestana Ana FaCited by Publish Year 2016.